PRE-TREATMENT TEMPERATURE AND MULTI-RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMISATION OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS FROM RED DATES

Haripriya  Ravikumar; Chua Bee  Lin; Chen Yen  Leng; Ameena  Ali; Choo Choong  Oon

doi:10.18006/2021.9(Spl-1-GCSGD_2020).S148.S160

Authors

Haripriya Ravikumar School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500, Malaysia
Chua Bee Lin School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500, Malaysia
Chen Yen Leng School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500, Malaysia
Ameena Ali School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500, Malaysia
Choo Choong Oon School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(Spl-1-GCSGD_2020).S148.S160

Keywords:

Drying, Extraction, Optimisation, Response surface methodology (RSM), Red dates, Antioxidants

Abstract

Ziziphus jujube known as red dates are natural flora, are a rich source of antioxidant bioactive compounds and are widely used in making Chinese traditional medicine. However, the optimization of extraction conditions and demonstration of extraction kinetics of red dates remains a gap. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to enhance the antioxidant activity via DPPH, crude extract yield, and TPC by response surface methodology (RSM). Also, mathematical modeling of the TPC extraction kinetics was performed. Single-factor experiments were adopted to identify the preliminary RSM ranges of four extraction parameters such as liquid-solid ratio (10, 20, and 30 ml/g), extraction temperature (50, 60 and 70°C), time (40, 50 and 60min), and ultrasonic power (70, 80 and 90%). The extraction kinetics based on RSM optimized conditions were modeled into six extraction kinetic models. As result, the highest crude extract yield (4.56 g), highest TPC (0.023 g GAE/g extract), and highest antioxidant activity (85.88%) were obtained at 60ºC. The optimum values were liquid-solid ratio 30ml/g, extraction temperature 60°C, time 60 min, and ultrasonic power 70%. The antioxidant activity of red dates after optimization (90.59%) was higher than that of synthetic antioxidants, Butylated Hydroxytoluene (84.71%), and Butylated Hydroxyanisole (77.73%). Furthermore, the best-fitted kinetic model was the second-order kinetic model due to its coefficient of determination (R²) at 0.9849, being the closest to 1 and its root mean square error (RMSE) was the lowest, 0.001028 among other models.

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