Monkeypox: An Update on Current Knowledge and Research Advances

Deepak Chandran; Kuldeep Dhama; Muhammad Aslam M K; Sandip Chakraborty; Ranjan K. Mohapatra; Mohd Iqbal Yatoo; Md. Aminul Islam; Mahmoud Alagawany; Anil K. Sharma; Pran Mohankumar; Anupama Das Panalil; Diljith Chandran

doi:10.18006/2022.10(4).679.688

Authors

Deepak Chandran Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu –642109, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-6969
Kuldeep Dhama Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh- 243122, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4752
Muhammad Aslam M K Base Farm, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kolahalamedu, Idukki, India-685501 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3208-9858
Sandip Chakraborty Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura—799008, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-3281
Ranjan K. Mohapatra Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha,-758002, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-3343
Mohd Iqbal Yatoo Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-7354
Md. Aminul Islam COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-9726
Mahmoud Alagawany Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-0971
Anil K. Sharma Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to be University) Mullana-Ambala-133207, Haryana, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-1644
Pran Mohankumar School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu- 641114, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-7893
Anupama Das Panalil Dental Speciality Centre, Kulappully, Shoranur, Palakkad, Kerala- 679122, India
Diljith Chandran KVG Dental College & Hospital, Kurunjibhag, Sullia, Karnataka – 574327, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(4).679.688

Keywords:

Monkeypox, Monkeypox virus, Zoonosis, Public health, Vaccination, Treatment, Prevention, Control

Abstract

The resurgence of the disease in humans that is very similar to smallpox called monkeypox (MPX) disease, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is the dominant topic of discussion in the scientific and popular press around the world right now. This is taking place as the world celebrates the historic accomplishments made in the fight against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic MPX is currently thought to pose a risk to the general public's health, particularly in areas with high rates of MPXV infection and close human-wild animal contact. Despite the rarity of MPX outbreaks, they are often caused by human-to-human transmission, especially in households and healthcare settings. Recent decades have seen recurrent outbreaks of the MPX after the smallpox disease was declared eliminated and the consequent cessation of smallpox vaccination programs. MPX has presently spread to several countries throughout the world and posed a global public health emergency, with nearly 45000 confirmed cases in 96 countries and locations, and 12 deaths as of August 24, 2022. Even though this viral illness is thought to be self-limiting, its consequences and feasible pandemic potential seriously jeopardize public health. The main approach to avoiding MPX is to adopt appropriate prevention and control measures, increase awareness of risk factors, and inform the public of the steps they may take to reduce viral exposure. Scientific studies are currently looking at the viability and suitability of the MPX vaccination. This article presents a general introduction to MPXV / MPX along with progress in diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prevention and control strategies for tackling this global health emergency.

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