ROLE OF COPPER METAL AND BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH ENTEROBIASIS

Esraa  wathah; Saleem Khteer Al-Hadraawy

doi:10.18006/2021.9(5).657.662

Authors

Esraa wathah University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Iraq
Saleem Khteer Al-Hadraawy University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-6830

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(5).657.662

Keywords:

Enterobiasis, Diarrhea, Copper, IgE, TRFC, Kufa, Iraq

Abstract

The primary goal of this study was to determine the effect of copper in patients with Enterobius vermicularis infection, as well as its association with IgE and TRFC. The study was carried out with 583 suspected and thirty healthy respondents of the same age who visited the AL-Zahra maternity and pediatrics laboratory, AL-Hakeem hospital, in AL-Najaf province(Iraq) from July 2020 to June 2021. This study aimed to estimate the level of copper, IgE, and TRFC in patients suffering from enterobiasis. The concentration of three biomarkers (copper, IgE, and TRFC) in serum was determined using the ELISA technique as per the manufacturer's instructions while the concentration of copper was assessed by using the colourimetric method. Results of the study revealed that the concentrations of IgE and TRFC significantly increased (P≤0.05) in the blood sample of E. vermiculris infected patients, while the serum concentrations of copper decreased significantly (P≤0.05) compared to the control group. The results of the current study suggested that the E. vermicularis infection alters serum IgE and TRFC concentrations, which significantly impacts copper levels in the blood.

References

Abd-Aljabar EM, Aljanaby AAJ (2021) Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cluster of differentiation 19 and interleukin 23 in individuals infected with Salmonella typhi. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9(3):394 – 400. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(3).394.400.

Al-Daoody AAK, Al-Bazzaz ENH (2020) Impact of Enterobius vermicularis infection on biochemical parameters in the blood of children in Erbil Province, Iraq. BMC Infectious Diseases 20:1-6.‏

Al-Hadraawy SK, Al-ghurabi ME, Al-musawi MM, Alzeyadi M (2016) Ghrelin and melatonin as biomarkers in patients with giardiasis. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 30(3):553-557.‏

Al-Hadraawy SK, AL-Shebly FM, Abood AH, Kadhim NJ (2019) Correlation study between biological markers in patients with Entamoeba histolytica parasite. Biochemical and Cellular Archives 19(1): 125–129

Al-Hasheme IHM, Al-Tammime TAAH, Al-Morshidy KAH (2020) Study of some hematological and immunological parameters associated with the infection of intestinal parasites in the holy city of Kerbala, Iraq. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Health 23: 231-207.‏

Al-kabee RMR, Dawood KA, Al-Essami AH (2014) Epidemiological, Immunological and molecular study of Enterobius vermicularis in Al Diawnia Governorate, College of Medicine/ Al -Qadisiya University, Master dissertation of Science in Medical Microbiology Pp:125

Al-labban HMY, Al-luhaiby AI, Salih NS, Yahya WI, Aljanaby AAJ (2021) Study of azo compounds derived from p-cresol ligand: synthesis, characterization and biological activity. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 9(3): 401 – 406.

Allen JE, Maizels RM (1996) Immunology of human helminth infection. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 109(1):3-10.‏

Arbabi M, Esmaili N, Parastouei K, Hooshyar H, Rasti S (2015) Levels of zinc, copper, magnesium elements, and vitamin B12, in sera of school children with giardiasis and enterobiasis in Kashan, Iran. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 17(11): e3659. doi: 10.17795/zjrms-3659.

Arruda LK, Santos AB (2005) Immunologic responses to common antigens in helminthic infections and allergic disease. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 5:399-402

Azeez MR, Aljanaby AAJ, Öcal IÇ (2021) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of five antimicrobial resistance genes associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn infection patients. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9(3):378 – 387. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(3).378.387

Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Rodrigues LC, Ordonez M, Strachan D, Griffin Lynch NR, Hagel IA, Palenque ME, Di Prisco MC, Escudero JE, Corao LA (1998) Relationship between helminthic infection and IgE response in atopic and nonatopic children in a tropical environment. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 101:217-21.

Culha G, Sangün MK (2007) Serum Levels of Zinc, Copper, Iron, Cobalt, Magnesium, and Selenium Elements in Children Diagnosed with Giardia intestinalis and Enterobiosis vermicularis in Hatay. Biological Trace Element Research 118: 21–26.

Dawood KA, Al-Essami AH, Rathy RM (2016) Identification of 5S rRNA gene of Enterobius vermicularis. Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal 12(21): 25-29.‏

DelialigluKlion AD, Nutman TB (2004) The role of eosinophils in host defense against helminth parasites. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 113:30-7.

Dezsényi B, Sárközi L, Kaiser L, Tárkányi K, Nikolova R, Belics Z (2018) Gynecological and obstetrical aspects of Enterobius vermicularis infection. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 65(4):459-465.‏

Essawy MA, El-Magd LM, Mokhtar G, Rafick MM (1989) IgE level in parasitic diseases before and after specific therapy. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 19: 315–326.

Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC, Sehgal R Shetty P, Dilawari JB (1988) Role of specific immunoglobulin E to excretory-secretory antigen in diagnosis and prognosis of hookworm infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26(4):739-42.

Garcia LS, Arrowood M, Kokoskin E, Paltridge GP, Pillai DR, Procop GW, Visvesvara G (2018) Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: laboratory diagnosis of parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 31(1):e00025-17.‏

Hesham MS, Edariah AB, Norhayati M (2004) Intestinal parasitic infections and micronutrient deficiency: a review. Medical Journal of Malaysia 59(2):284–93

Hung TL, Brouwer ID, Verhoef H, Nguyen KC, Kok FJ ( 2007) Asia Pac Anemia and intestinal parasite infection in schoolchildren in rural. Vietnam Journal Clinical Nutrition 16 (4):716-723.

Kara SS, Volkan B (2018) Differences Between The Children Infected With Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia saginata. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 8(2): 272-278.‏

Kelly BT, Grayson MH (2016) Immunoglobulin E, what is it good for. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 116(3):183-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.026.

Khazaal RM, Al-hadraawy SK, Hussein KR (2020a) Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among pre-school age and school-age children in Thi-Qar province southern Iraq. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1S: 857-864.

Khazaal RM, Al-hadraawy SK, Hussein KR (2020b) Molecular identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Enterobius vermicularis isolated from children in Thi-Qar City of Iraq. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1(1): 1919-1930.

Koltas IS, Özcan K, Tamer L, Aksungur P (1997) Serum copper, zinc and magnesium levels in children with enterobiosis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 11(1): 49-52.‏

Kuvibidila S, James MA, Warrier RP, Yu RP, Ode D, Tshefu KA (1995) Soluble transferrin receptor as an index of iron status in Zairian children with malaria. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98:373-8.

Meletis G, Sdravos C, Beta E, Chatzidimitriou D (2019) Moving Enterobius larvae inside their eggs. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 25(8): 971-972.‏

Mockenhaupt FP, Falusi AG, May J (1999)| The contribution of thalassaemia to anaemia in a Nigerian population exposed to intense malaria transmission. Tropical Medicine & International Health 4:302-307.

Mohammad KA, Koshak EA (2011) A prospective study on parasites among expatriate workers in Al-Baha from 2009–2011, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 41(2): 423-432.‏

Mohy AA, Aljanaby AAJ, Al-Hadraawy SK (2019) Evaluation of Eosinophilic Cationic Protein and Some Immunological Markers in Patients Infected with Scabies. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13(3): 1737–1743.

Mukai K, Tsai M, Starkl P, Marichal T, Galli SJ (2016) IgE and mast cells in host defense against parasites and venoms. Seminars in immunopathology 38(5): 581-603.

Olsen A, Magnussen P, Ouma JH, Friis H (1998) The contribution of hookworm and other parasitic infections to hemoglobin and iron status among children and adults in western Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92(6):643-649.

Patsantara GG, Piperaki ETC, Tzoumaka-Bakoula ET, Kanariou MG (2016|) Immune responses in children infected with the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis in central Greece. Journal of Helminthology 90(3): 337 – 341.

Pegelow K, Gross R, Pietrzik K, Lukito W, Richards AL, Fryauff D (1997) Parasitological and nutritional situation of school children in the Sukaraja district, West Java, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 28: 173-190.

Ramana KV (2012) Intestinal parasitic infections: an overview. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health 5(4):279.

Rashad JMBM, Aljanaby AAJ (2012) Role of interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and cluster of differentiation-22 as an immune markers in individuals infected with helicobacter pylori. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9(3): 388 – 393. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(3).388.393.

Sadraei J, Jabaraei J, Ghaffarifar AH, Dalimi SM (2007) Vitamin B12 and Serum Mineral Levels in Children with Enterobiusvermicularis Infection Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2(1):35-38.

Sales VS, Rodrigues CE, Cavalcanti GB, Trombone APF, Lima RC, Santos ABR (2002) Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides in preschool children: role in wheezing and IgE responses to inhalant allergens. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109:S27.

Schroeder JC, Jones D, Maranich A (2018) Peripheral Eosinophilia Found in Pediatric Enterobius vermicularis Infections. Clinical Pediatrics 58(1):13-16. DOI: 10.1177/0009922818805193.

Scrivner S, Yemaneberhan H, Zebenigus M, Tilahun D, Girma S, Ali S (2001) Independent effects of intestinal parasite infection and domestic allergen exposure on risk of wheeze in Ethiopia: a nested case control study. Lancet 358:1493-9.

Solmaz F, Dikici O, Akduman D, Haksever M, Hakyemez İN, Yanılmaz M (2018) The effect of Enterobiusvermicularis infection (oxyuriasis) on eosinophil and IgE levels in allergic rhinitis. The European Research Journal 4(4): 399-404.‏

Stephenson LS, Lathan MC, Ottesen EA (2000) Mal nutrition and parasitic helminthes infections. Parasitology 121(suppl): 23-38.

Stoltzfus RJ, Chwaya HM, Tielsch JM, Schulze KJ (1997) Epidemiology of iron deficiency anaemia in Zanzibar schoolchildren: Importance of hookworms. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65:153-9.

Sulk M, Ehrchen J (2019) Sweet syndrome in association with enterobiasis. Journal of Dermatology 46 (3): 106–107.

Tomanakan K, Sanpool O, Chamavit P, Lulitanond V, Intapan PM, Maleewong W (2020) Genetic variation of Enterobius vermicularis among schoolchildren in Thailand. Journal of helminthology 94:e7. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X18000962.

Uwah A F ,Otitoju O , Ndem JI, Akpanabiatu MI , Akpanyung EO (2012) Effect of Malaria Infection on Serum Copper, Iron and Beta-Carotene Levels in Nigerian Children. European Journal of Scientific Research 86 (4): 573-579.

Verhoef H, West CE, Paul Ndeto, Burema J, Beguin Y, Kok F (2001) Serum transferrin receptor concentration indicates increased erythropoiesis in Kenyan children with asymptomatic malaria 1–5. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74:767–75.

Zarebavani M, Dargahi D, Einollahi N, Mohebali M, Rezaeian M (2012) Serum levels of zinc, copper, vitamin B12, folate and immunoglobulins in individuals with giardiasis. Iranian Journal of Public Health 14(12):47–53.