QUASISPECIES FEATURE IN SARS-CoV-2

Bramhadev  Pattnaik; Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa  Suresh; Rajangam  Sridevi; Mahendra P.  Yadav; Chandan  Shivamallu; Shiva Prasad  Kollur; Chandan  Dharmashekar; Sharanagouda S.  Patil

doi:10.18006/2021.9(5).591.597

Authors

Bramhadev Pattnaik Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SoA University, Odisha, India & Former Director, ICAR-DFMD, Mukteswar, Nainital, India and FAO Ref Centre for FMD in South Asia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Rajangam Sridevi ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Mahendra P. Yadav Former Vice Chancellor, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chandan Shivamallu Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka-570015, India
Shiva Prasad Kollur Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Chandan Dharmashekar Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka-570015, India
Sharanagouda S. Patil ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(5).591.597

Keywords:

FMDV, India, Quasispecies, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Since the identification of the SARS-CoV-2, genus Beta- Coronavirus, in January 2020, the virus quickly spread in less than 3 months to all continents with a susceptible human population of about a 7.9billion, and still in active circulation. In the process, it has accumulated mutations leading to genetic diversity. Regular emergence of variants of concern/significance in different ecology shows genetic heterogeneity in the base population of SARS-CoV-2 that is continuously expanding with the passage of the virus in the vast susceptible human population. Natural selection of mutant occurs frequently in a positive sense (+) single-stranded (ss) RNA virus upon replication in the host. The Pressure of sub-optimal levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies and also innate immunity influence the process of genetic/ antigenic selection. The fittest of the mutants, that could be more than one, propagate and emerge as variants. The existence of different lineages, clades, and strains, as well as genetic heterogeneity of plaque purified virus population, justifies SARS-CoV-2 as ‘Quasispecies’ that refers to swarms of mutant sequences generated during replication of the viral genome, and all mutant sequences may not lead to virion. Viruses having a quasispecies nature may end up with progressive antigenic changes leading to antigenic plurality that is driven by ecology, and this phenomenon challenges vaccination-based control programs.

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