Effects of hormone and fertilizers on early flower induction of Dendrobium anosmum hybrid seedlings under ex vitro condition

Thi Diem Nguyen; Thi Oanh Nguyen; Thanh-Tam Ho; Huu Tho Nguyen; Thi Thu Hang La; Thi Kim Cuc Nguyen

doi:10.18006/2022.10(5).1168.1179

Authors

Thi Diem Nguyen Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Road 10, Phu Thuong, Phu Vang, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-4793
Thi Oanh Nguyen Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Road 10, Phu Thuong, Phu Vang, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-3809
Thanh-Tam Ho Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, VietNam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-1181
Huu Tho Nguyen College Electro-Mechanics, Construction, and Agro-Forestry of Central Vietnam, QL1A, Cat Hanh, Phu Cat, Binh Dinh, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-8540
Thi Thu Hang La Agronomy Faculty, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, 102 Phung Hung, Thuan Thanh, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5215-2653
Thi Kim Cuc Nguyen Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Road 10, Phu Thuong, Phu Vang, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-6092

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(5).1168.1179

Keywords:

Chau Nhu, Dendrobium anosmum, Di Linh, Early flowering, Hybrid, Ex vivo

Abstract

Early flowering of new orchids is important to save time for selecting valuable flowers and artificial induction of flowering is a critical consideration in the orchid production industry. In this study, a new Dendrobium anosmum hybrid was generated by cross-breeding between D. anosmum ‘Chau Nhu’ and D. anosmum ‘Di Linh’. The ancestors and hybrid seedlings from in-vitro culture were trained in the net house and their growth and flowering were evaluated under ex vivo conditions with specific fertilizers and hormones. The results suggest that the hybrid plants grew better than their parents in terms of stem height, stem diameter, and leaf number. Growth hormones were applied to stimulate early flowering in matured hybrids and it was discovered that ‘Keiki pro’, a commercial hormone product, produced the best results, with a flowering rate of 66.67% after two applications. Hybrid flowers varied in width from 36.36% (3.0-6.0 cm) to 63.64 % (more than 6.0 cm) from ancestral width in medium-sized and large-sized flowers, respectively. Also, the hybrid flower colours was mostly a combination of pink/violet (75C) and purple/pink (68A), which is different from their parents. Importantly, the dorsal sepal, petal colours, and shape of hybrid flowers varied significantly among individual hybrids, between hybrids and their progenitors. Some mutations in the lips and columns of the novel hybrid flowers were also visualized. Hence, the D. anosmum hybrid seedlings successfully induced flowers after a year of culture under optimal hormones and fertilizers conditions. The results can serve as a critical reference for the early flowering of the orchid seedlings.

Author Biography

Thi Oanh Nguyen, Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Road 10, Phu Thuong, Phu Vang, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

Plant researcher

References

Bateson, W., & Mendel, G. (2013). Mendel’s principles of heredity. Courier Corporation.

Cen, X., Huang, C., & Wei, P. (2010). Effects of hormone factors on the in vitro culture flowering induction of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo. Agricultural Science & Technology-Hunan, 11(4), 75–79.

Da Silva, J.A.T., Cardoso, J.C., Dobránszki, J., & Zeng, S, (2015). Dendrobium micropropagation: a review. Plant Cell Reports, 34(5), 671–704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1754-4

Da Silva, J.A.T., & Ng, TB. (2017). The medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of Dendrobium species. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(6), 2227–2239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8169-9

Da Silva, J.A.T., Zeng, S., Cardoso, J.C., Dobránszki, J., & Kerbauy, G.B. (2014). In vitro flowering of Dendrobium. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 119(3), 447–456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0561-x

De, L.C. (2020). Good agricultural practices of commercial orchids. Vigyan Varta, 1, 53–64.

Deniz, I.S., Kömpe, Y. Ö., Harzli, I., Aytar, E.C., Mutlu, V.A., & Uysal, D.I. (2022) From seed to flowering tuberous orchid using ex vitro symbiotic seed germination: A breakthrough study with Anacamptis sancta. Rhizosphere, 24, 100597. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100597

Diem, N.T., Oanh, N.T., Tam, H.T., Tho, N.H., & Cuc, N.T.K. (2021). Cultivation of Dendrobium anosmum Di Linh from in vitro seedlings. Hue University Journal of Science: Natural Science, 130(1A), 107–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijns.v130i1A.5907

Ellis, T.H.N., Hofer, J.M.I., Timmerman-Vaughan, G.M., Coyne, C.J., & Hellens, R.P. (2011). Mendel, 150 years on. Trends in Plant Science, 16(11), 590–596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2011.06.006

Fitzpatrick, T.B., & Chapman, L.M. (2020). The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in plant health: from crop yield to biofortification. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295, (34), 12002–12013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV120.010918

Galdiano, Jr. R.F., Lemos, E.G.M., Faria, R.T., & Vendrame, W.A. (2012). Cryopreservation of Dendrobium hybrid seeds and protocorms as affected by phloroglucinol and Supercool X1000. Scientia Horticulturae, 148, 154–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.09.036

Guan, P., & Shi, J. (2009). Tissue Culture of Stem Segment and Induction of Floral Buds of Dendrobium denndanum [J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 20, 205–206.

Hartati, S., & Cahyono, B.A. dan. (2014). Increased genetic diversity of Dendrobium spp . orchids through hybridization to support the development of orchids in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 29, 101–105.

Hartati, S., Muliawati, E.S., & Syarifah, A.N.F. (2021). Characterization on the hybrid of Dendrobium bigibbum from Maluku and Dendrobium lineale from Papua, Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 724, 12011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012011

Herastuti, H., & Siwi Hardiastuti, E.K. (2020). Effect of Fertilizer Frequency on Growth Varieties of Dendrobium Orchid. LPPM UPN “Veteran”Yogyakarta Conference Series Proceeding on Engineering and Science Series (ESS), 1 (1), 246-252.

Huang, J.Z., Bolaños-Villegas, P., & Chen, F.C. (2021). Regulation of Flowering in Orchids. In F.C. Chen & S.W. Chin (Eds.), The Orchid Genome (pp. 73–90). Ney-pu Town, Taiwain: Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66826-6_6

Kamemoto, H., Amore, T.D., & Kuehnle, A.R. (1999). Breeding Dendrobium orchids in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press.

Kawakami, K., Fuji, S., & Miyoshi, K. (2008). Endangered wild populations of endemic Calanthe orchids on an isolated Japanese island tested for viruses. Australian Journal of Botany, 55(8), 831–836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/BT07093

Khuraijam, J.S., Sharma, S.C., & Roy, R.K. (2017). Orchids: potential ornamental crop in North India. International Journal of Horticultural & Crop Science Research, 7(1), 1–8.

Kishor, R., Sha Valli Khan, P.S., & Sharma, G.J. (2006). Hybridization and in vitro culture of an orchid hybrid Ascocenda ‘Kangla’. Scientia Horticulturae, 108(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scienta.2005.12.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2005.12.004

Leitch, I.J., Kahandawala, I., Suda, J., Hanson, L., Ingrouille, M.J., Chase, M.W., & Fay, M.F. (2009). Genome size diversity in orchids: consequences and evolution. Annals of Botany, 104(3), 469–481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp003

Lu TL, Han CK, Chang YS, Lu TJ, Huang HC, Bao BY, et al. (2014). Denbinobin, a phenanthrene from Dendrobium nobile, impairs prostate cancer migration by inhibiting rac1 activity. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 42, 1539-1554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X14500967

Luan, V.Q., Tung, H.T., Hien, V.T., Hieu, T., & Nhut, D.T. (2019). Effects of shoot tip removal, wounding manipulation, and plant growth regulators on shoot regeneration and plantlet development in Paphiopedilum species. Scientia Horticulturae, 256, 108648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108648

Maharjan, S., Sen, T. L., Thapa, B.B., Pradhan, S., Pant, K.K., Joshi, G.P., & Pant, B. (2020). In vitro propagation of the endangered orchid Dendrobium chryseum Rolfefrom protocorms culture. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 19(1), 39–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29737

Mishra, G., Palai, S.K., & Nath, M.R. (2018). Studies on induction of early flowering in orchids (Phalaenopsis hybrid) cv. fuller’s sunset. The Pharma Innovation, 7 (7), 441-446.

Naing, A.H., Chung, T.D., Park, I.S., & Lim, B.B. (2011). Efficient plant regeneration of the endangered medicinal orchid, Coelogyne cristata using protocorm-like bodies. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33(3), 659–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0586-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0586-7

Regmi, T., Pradhan, S., & Pant, B. (2017). In vitro mass propagation of an epiphytic orchid, Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw., through protocorm culture. Biotechnology Journal International, 19 (1), 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJI/2017/34891

Sendo, T., Kanechi, M., Uno, Y., & Inagaki, N. (2010). Evaluation of growth and green coverage of ten ornamental species for planting as urban rooftop greening. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 79(1), 69–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs1.79.69

Sim, G.E., Loh, C.S., & Goh, C.J. (2007). High frequency early in vitro flowering of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Reports, 26(4), 383–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0242-2

Sjahril, R., Haring, F., Riadi, M., Rahim, M.D., Khan, R.S., Amir, A., & Trisnawaty, A.R. (2016). Performance of NAA, 2iP, BAP and TDZ on callus multiplication, shoots initiation and growth for efficient plant regeneration system in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). International Journal of Agriculture System, 4(1), 52–61.

Takamiya, T., Wongsawad, P., Tajima, N., Shioda, N., et al. (2011). Identification of Dendrobium species used for herbal medicines based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(5), 779–782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.34.779

Te-Chato, S., Nujeen, P., & Muangsorn, S. (2009). Paclobutrazol enhance budbreak and flowering of Friederick’s Dendrobium orchid in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 5(1), 157–165.

Teoh, E.S. (2005). Orchids of Asia. Marshall Cavendish.

Tran, H. (1998). Vietnamese Orchids. Hanoi Agricultural Publishing House.

Vu, Q. L., Hoang, T. T., Hoang, D. K., Do, M. C., et al. (2022). Diversity in Morphology and Growth Characteristics of Dendrobium anosmum Variations in Lam Dong, Vietnam. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 21, 221-228. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2022.221.22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2022.221.228

Wang, Z.H., Wang, L., Ye, Q.S. (2009). High frequency early flowering from in vitro seedlings of Dendrobium nobile. Scientia Horticulturae, 122(2), 328–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.05.018

Xiaohua, J., Singchi, C., & Yibo, L. (2009). Taxonomic revision of Dendrobium moniliforme complex (Orchidaceae). Scientia Horticulturae, 120(1), 143–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.10.002

Zhang, D., Liao, Y., Lu, S., Li, C., Shen, Z., Yang, G., & Yin, J. (2019). Effect of thidiazuron on morphological and flowering characteristics of Dendrobium ‘Sunya Sunshine’potted plants. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 47(3), 170–181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2019.1576744

Zhao, D.K., Li, C.F., Chen, Z.Y., & Yang, J.B. (2012). In vitro

flowering and conservation of Dendrobidium strongylanthum Rchb. f. Subtropical Plant Science, 41, 48–50.

Zheng, Y., Zheng, Q., Yu, J., Zhang, Y., & Fan, W. (2009). Hybridization breeding and AFLP analysis of relative relationship of Dendrobium nobile. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 26(1), 137–141.