Preliminary assessment of Polytrichum commune extract as an antimicrobial soap ingredient

Chan Kai Rol; Tam Yew Joon; Chong Mee Yoke; Tan Joo Shun; Sahar Abbasiliasi; Wong Kok Kee; Ong Ghim Hock

doi:10.18006/2022.10(4).894.901

Authors

Chan Kai Rol INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-1480
Tam Yew Joon INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1723-0104
Chong Mee Yoke INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-4082
Tan Joo Shun Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-2016
Sahar Abbasiliasi Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-4202
Wong Kok Kee INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2561
Ong Ghim Hock INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9511

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(4).894.901

Keywords:

Polytrichum commune, Antimicrobial, Plant-based soap

Abstract

Mosses have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine due to the presence of secondary metabolites which have shown high biological activities. In particular, these secondary metabolites have demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the influence of different extraction solvents on the antibacterial activities of the Polytrichum commune was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Results showed that both 12.5 mg/mL of methanol moss extract and 6.25 mg/mL of ethanol moss extract were the most effective concentrations against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the P. commune extracts were included as an added ingredient in soap bases to produce antibacterial soap prototypes where the effectiveness of the soaps containing the extracts in removing microorganisms from actual test individuals was carried out. Results of the thumb impression test of test individuals showed that the growth of microbial reduced after washing hands with the usage of both liquid and solid soap with the addition of P. commune extracts. Moreover, the antibacterial soaps performed better in eliminating microorganisms in comparison to control soaps without P. commune extracts. Taken together, P. commune extract could be a good candidate as a value-added ingredient utilized to produce antibacterial soaps due to its antibacterial properties.

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