Utilization of Agro Waste for Beneficial Product Formulation

Authors

  • Anirban Debnath Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat- Barrackpore road, 24 Parganas North, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
  • Aparajita Sengupta Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat- Barrackpore road, 24 Parganas North, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
  • Abinit Saha Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat- Barrackpore road, 24 Parganas North, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
  • Arpita Das Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat- Barrackpore road, 24 Parganas North, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(1).157.170

Keywords:

Agro-industrial by-products, Bioactive compounds, Healing effect, Functional food

Abstract

In the past few years, we have been very familiar with the waste hierarchy concept of the 3 R’s, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. This review article aims to suggest a possible way to reuse the agro-waste sector. It will focus on the zero waste food industry. While consuming our day-to-day food unknowingly we throw away some of the important portions of fruits and vegetables which can help us fight diseases and stay healthy. Therefore, we need proper management to utilize these beneficial components present in those fruit scrapes. An abundant amount of food waste is been produced during the processing of food from the different food industries. In addition to this, agro wastes like peels, seeds, etc. are also generated from fruit and vegetable agriculture. This paper mainly focuses on the agro-waste of the food industry, which can be consumed when the bioactive compound is extracted and is available as a functional food. The bioactive compounds have the potential to control blood pressure, diabetes, inflammation, etc. Thus, by incorporating these bioactive compounds we can enhance the quality of food. Recently functional food is consumed by a large population for its beneficial effect on our body.

References

Acharya, S. S. (2009). Food security and Indian agriculture: Policies, production performance, and marketing environment. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 22(1), 1-19.

Alda, L. M., Gogoasa, I., Bordean, D. M., et al. (2009). Lycopene content of tomatoes and tomato products. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 15(4), 540-542.

Ali, A., & Rahut, D. B. (2019). Healthy foods as proxy for functional foods: consumers’ awareness, perception, and demand for natural functional foods in Pakistan. International Journal of Food Science, 2019, 6390650. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6390650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6390650

Alotaibi, K. S., Li, H., Rafi, R., & Siddiqui, R. A. (2017). Papaya black seeds have beneficial anticancer effects on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment, 3, 161-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2017.33

Amin, M. Z., Islam, T., Uddin, M. R., et al. (2019). Comparative study on nutrient contents in the different parts of indigenous and hybrid varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Linn.). Heliyon, 5(9), e02462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02462

Amorim, F. L., de Cerqueira Silva, M. B., & Cirqueira, M. G., (2019). Grape peel (Syrah var.) jam as a polyphenol‐enriched functional food ingredient. Food science & nutrition, 7(5), 1584-1594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.981

Aravind, G., Bhowmik, D., Duraivel, S., & Harish, G. (2013). Traditional and medicinal uses of Carica papaya. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1(1), 7-15.

Bassiri-Jahromi, S. (2018). Punica granatum (Pomegranate) activity in health promotion and cancer prevention. Oncology Reviews, 12(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2018.345

Bhagat, R. B. (2000). Population Growth, Poverty and Foodgrain Supply in India: The Present Trend and future prospect. Asian Profile, 28, 309-18.

Brigelius-Flohé, R., Kelly, F. J., Salonen, J. T., et al. (2002). The European perspective on vitamin E: current knowledge and future research. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(4), 703-716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.4.703

Chabuck, Z. A. G., Al-Charrakh, A. H., Hindi, N. K. K., & Hindi, S. K. K. (2013). Antimicrobial effect of aqueous banana peel extract, Iraq. Research Gate: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1, 73-5.

Dar, A. H., Sofi, S. A., & Rafiq, S. (2017). Pumpkin the functional and therapeutic ingredient: A review. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 2(6), 165-170.

Debnath, P., Dey, P., Chanda, A., & Bhakta, T. (2012). A Survey on Pineapple and its medicinal value. Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy, 1(1), 24-29.

Deepalakshmi, K., & Sankaran, M. (2014). Pleurotus ostreatus: an oyster mushroom with nutritional and medicinal properties. Journal of Biochemical Technology, 5(2), 718-726.

Devi, N. M., Prasad, R. V., & Sagarika, N. (2018). A review on health benefits and nutritional composition of pumpkin seeds. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(3), 1154-1157.

Dixon, R. A., Xie, D. Y., & Sharma, S. B. (2005). Proanthocyanidins–a final frontier in flavonoid research?. New phytologist, 165(1), 9-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01217.x

Ehiowemwenguan, G., Emoghene, A. O., & Inetianbor, J. E. (2014). Antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of Banana fruit peel. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 4(8), 18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-0408018025

Elbadrawy, E., & Sello, A. (2016). Evaluation of nutritional value and antioxidant activity of tomato peel extracts. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9(2), S1010-S1018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.11.011

El-Faham, S. Y., Mohsen, M., Sharaf, A., & Zaky, A. (2016). Utilization of mango peels as a source of polyphenolic antioxidants. Current Science International, 5(04), 529-542.

Erukainure, O. L., Sanni, O., & Islam, M. S. (2018). Clerodendrum volubile: phenolics and applications to health. In Polyphenols: Mechanisms of action in human health and disease (pp. 53-68). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813006-3.00006-4

Fiedor, J., & Burda, K. (2014). Potential role of carotenoids as antioxidants in human health and disease. Nutrients, 6(2), 466-488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6020466

Foda, F. F., Saad, S. M., Attia, N. Y., & Eid, M. S. (2016, April). Production and evaluation of papain and pectinesterase enzymes from papaya fruits. In 3rd International Conference on Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture (ICBAA), Benha University, Moshtohor and Sharm El-Sheikh, pp. 5-9.

Fourati, M., Smaoui, S., Ennouri, K., et al. (2019). Multiresponse optimization of pomegranate peel extraction by statistical versus artificial intelligence: predictive approach for foodborne bacterial pathogen inactivation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 1542615. doi: 10.1155/2019/1542615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1542615

Frankel, E. M. (1917). Studies on enzyme action: XV. Factors influencing the proteolytic activity of papain. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 31(1917), 201-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86720-5

Ghosh, T., Sengupta, A., & Das, A. (2019). Nutrition, Therapeutics and environment impact of oyster mushrooms: A low cost proteinaceous source. Journal of Women's Health and Gynecology, 14(1), 555876 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19080/JGWH.2019.14.555876

Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E. B., Liu, Y., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (2002). A prospective study of tomato products, lycopene, and prostate cancer risk. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 94(5), 391-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/94.5.391

Gouado, I., Schweigert, F. J., Ejeh, R. A., Tchouanguep, M. F., & Camp, J. V. (2007). Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(10), 1180-1188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602841

Guo, J., Liu, T., Han, L., & Liu, Y. (2009). The effects of corn silk on glycaemic metabolism. Nutrition & metabolism, 6(1), 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-6-47

Hasler, C. M. (2002). Functional foods: benefits, concerns and challenges—a position paper from the American Council on Science and Health. The Journal of nutrition, 132(12), 3772-3781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3772

Helkar, P. B., Sahoo, A. K., & Patil, N. J. (2016). Review: Food industry by-products used as a functional food ingredients. International Journal of Waste Resources, 6(3), 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000248

Henry, C. J. (2010). Functional foods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64(7), 657-659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.101

Hunninghake, D. B., Hibbard, D. M., Duane, W. C., et al. (1987). Metabolic Studies with Lovastatin in Patients with Primary Hypercholesteremia. In Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism (pp. 150-154). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71702-4_27

Imran, M., Rauf, A., Imran, A., et al. (2017). Health benefits of grapes polyphenols. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, 10, 40-51.

Isah, A. S., Amans, E. B., Odion, E. C., & Yusuf, A. A. (2014). Growth rate and yield of two tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) under green manure and NPK fertilizer rate Samaru Northern Guinea Savanna. International Journal of Agronomy, 2014, 932759, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/932759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/932759

Jing, S., Zhang, X., & Yan, L. J. (2015). Antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins extracted from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2015, 983484, doi: 10.1155/2015/983484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/983484

Joy, P. P. (2010). Benefits and uses of pineapple. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Vazhakulam-686, 670.

Kapadia, S. P., Pudakalkatti, P. S., & Shivanaikar, S. (2015). Detection of antimicrobial activity of banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study. Contemporary clinical dentistry, 6(4), 496-499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.169864

Khan, S., Patel, A., & Bhise, K. S. (2017). Antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 7(2), 81-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v7i2.1380

Klewicka, E., Sójka, M., Klewicki, R., et al. (2016). Ellagitannins from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit as natural inhibitors of Geotrichum candidum. Molecules, 21(7), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070908

Knoblich, M., Anderson, B., & Latshaw, D. (2005). Analyses of tomato peel and seed byproducts and their use as a source of carotenoids. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85(7), 1166-1170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2091

Kumar, P., & Kumar, H. (2013). Food security and nutritional scenario of India–an overview. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2(5), 28-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0252839

Li, C. C., Lee, Y. C., Lo, H. Y., et al. (2019). Antihypertensive effects of corn silk extract and its novel bioactive constituent in spontaneously hypertensive rats: The involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Molecules, 24(10), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101886

Li, T., Shen, P., Liu, W., et al. (2014). Major polyphenolics in pineapple peels and their antioxidant interactions. International journal of food properties, 17(8), 1805-1817. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2012.732168

Lima, F.d.C., Simões, A. J. A., Vieira, I. M. M., Silva, D. P., & Ruzene, D. S. (2018). An overview of applications in pineapple agroindustrial residues. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 111(2), 445-462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.18

Lipińska, L., Klewicka, E., & Sójka, M. (2014). The structure, occurrence and biological activity of ellagitannins: a general review. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 13(3), 289-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.2014.3.7

Liu, Y. G., Zhang, X. M., Ma, F. Y., & Fu, Q. (2017). The antioxidant activitives of mango peel among different cultivars. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61 (1). 012065. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/61/1/012065

Medasani, M. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,496,977. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Messerli, F. H., Bangalore, S., Bavishi, C., & Rimoldi, S. F. (2018). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension: to use or not to use?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(13), 1474-1482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.058

Mezzomo, N., & Ferreira, S. R. (2016). Carotenoids functionality, sources, and processing by supercritical technology: a review. Journal of Chemistry, 2016, 3164312. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3164312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3164312

Mishra, S. (2012). Hunger, ethics and the right to food. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 9(1), 32-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2012.008

Moret, C., & Briley, M. (2011). The importance of norepinephrine in depression. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 7(1), 9-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S19619

Mozos, I., Stoian, D., Caraba, A., Malainer, C., Horbańczuk, J. O., & Atanasov, A. G. (2018). Lycopene and vascular health. Frontiers in pharmacology, 521(9), 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00521

Nile, S. H., Kim, S. H., Ko, E. Y., & Park, S. W. (2013). Polyphenolic contents and antioxidant properties of different grape (V. vinifera, V. labrusca, and V. hybrid) cultivars. BioMed research international, 2013, 718065. doi: 10.1155/2013/718065, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/718065

Obi, F. O., Ugwuishiwu, B. O., & Nwakaire, J. N. (2016). Agricultural waste concept, generation, utilization and management. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 35(4), 957-964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i4.34

Oliveira, J. G., & Vitória, A. P. (2011). Papaya: Nutritional and pharmacological characterization, and quality loss due to physiological disorders. An overview. Food Research International, 44(5), 1306-1313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.035

Olmoss, A. (2012). Papain, A Plant Enzyme of Biological Importance: A. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 8(2), 99-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2012.99.104

Oloke, J. K., & Adebayo, E. A. (2015). Effectiveness of immunotherapies from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species) in the management of immunocompromised patients. International Journal of Immunology, 3(2-1), 8-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.s.2015030201.12

Orsini, R. A. (2006). Bromelain. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 118(7), 1640–1644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000242503.50548.ee

Patel, S. (2013). Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) seeds as nutraceutic: a review on status quo and scopes. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 6(3), 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/s12349-013-0131-5

Pavan, R., Jain, S., & Kumar, A. (2012). Properties and therapeutic application of bromelain: a review. Biotechnology research international, 2012, 976203. doi: 10.1155/2012/976203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/976203

Radha, K. V., & Lakshmanan, D. (2013). A review: lovastatin production and applications. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 6(3), 21-6.

Rahman, M.M., Juahir, H., Islam, M.H., et al. (2019) Prophetic vegetable Pumpkin, Its impressive health benefits and total analysis. Bioscience Research 16(4): 3987-3999.

Rathnavelu, V., Alitheen, N. B., Sohila, S., Kanagesan, S., & Ramesh, R. (2016). Potential role of bromelain in clinical and therapeutic applications. Biomedical reports, 5(3), 283-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.720

Ritchie, H., Reay, D., & Higgins, P. (2018). Sustainable food security in India—Domestic production and macronutrient availability. PloS one, 13(3), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193766

Rizvi, S., Raza, S. T., Faizal Ahmed, A. A., Abbas, S., & Mahdi, F. (2014). The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 14(2), 157-165.

Roshan, A., Verma, N. K., & Gupta, A. (2014). A brief study on Carica Papaya-a review. International Journal of Current Trends in Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4), 541-550.

Sadh, P. K., Duhan, S., & Duhan, J. S. (2018). Agro-industrial wastes and their utilization using solid state fermentation: a review. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 5(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-017-0187-z

Sagar, N. A., Pareek, S., Sharma, S., Yahia, E. M., & Lobo, M. G. (2018). Fruit and vegetable waste: Bioactive compounds, their extraction, and possible utilization. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 17(3), 512-531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12330

Saraswaty, V., Risdian, C., Primadona, I., et al. (2017, March). Pineapple peel wastes as a potential source of antioxidant compounds. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, 60 (1), 012013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/60/1/012013

Saxena, N. C. (2018). Hunger, under-nutrition and food security in India. In Mehta A., Bhide S., Kumar A., & Shah A. (eds) Poverty, chronic poverty and poverty dynamics (pp. 55-92). Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0677-8_4

Schimmel, T. G., Borneman, W. S., & Conder, M. J. (1997). Purification and characterization of a lovastatin esterase from Clonostachys compactiuscula. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(4), 1307-1311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.4.1307-1311.1997

Shah, M., Abbas, M., Ullah, W., et al. (2019). Pheno-Physiological Assessment of Grapes (Vitis vinifera) Germplasm. ACTA Scientific Agriculture 3(3): 37-42.

Shi, S., Li, S., Li, W., & Xu, H. (2019). Corn silk tea for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 2915498. doi: 10.1155/2019/2915498. eCollection 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2915498

Sidhu, V., Nandwani, D., Wang, L., & Wu, Y. (2017). A study on organic tomatoes: Effect of a biostimulator on phytochemical and antioxidant activities. Journal of Food Quality, 2017, 5020742, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5020742. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5020742

Sorrenti, V., Randazzo, C. L., Caggia, C., et al. (2019). Beneficial effects of pomegranate peel extract and probiotics on pre-adipocyte differentiation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 660(10), 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00660

Stevenson, D. G., Eller, F. J., Wang, L., et al. (2007). Oil and tocopherol content and composition of pumpkin seed oil in 12 cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(10), 4005-4013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0706979

Terbeck, S., Savulescu, J., Chesterman, L. P., & Cowen, P. J. (2016). Noradrenaline effects on social behaviour, intergroup relations, and moral decisions. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 66, 54-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.031

Torres-León, C., Ramírez-Guzman, N., Londoño-Hernandez, L., et al. (2018). Food waste and byproducts: An opportunity to

minimize malnutrition and hunger in developing countries. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 52(2), 1-17.

Tully, K., & Bolshakov, V. Y. (2010). Emotional enhancement of memory: how norepinephrine enables synaptic plasticity. Molecular brain, 3(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-6606-3-15

Upadhyay, K., & Harshwardhan, K. (2017). Effective utilization of agricultural waste–-review paper. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 6(9), 52-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV6IS090041

Venkateswarlu, K., & Reddy P.S.K. (2014). Mango carotenoid. International Journal of Pharmamedix India, 2(2), 741-744.

Wani, B. A., Bodha, R. H., & Wani, A. H. (2010). Nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(24), 2598-2604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR09.565

Yadav, M., Jain, S., Tomar, R., Prasad, G. B. K. S., & Yadav, H. (2010). Medicinal and biological potential of pumpkin: an updated review. Nutrition research reviews, 23(2), 184-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422410000107

Yang, J., & Xiao, Y. Y. (2013). Grape phytochemicals and associated health benefits. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 53(11), 1202-1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.692408

Yang, L., Xian, D., Xiong, X., Lai, R., Song, J., & Zhong, J. (2018). Proanthocyanidins against oxidative stress: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications. BioMed research international, 2018, 8584136, doi: 10.1155/2018/8584136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8584136

Downloads

Published

2022-02-28

How to Cite

Debnath, A. ., Sengupta, A. ., Saha, A. ., & Das, A. . (2022). Utilization of Agro Waste for Beneficial Product Formulation. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 10(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(1).157.170

Issue

Section

PROCEEDING OF BIONEXT-2021_REVIEW ARTICLES