Assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of herbal popsicles prepared by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Clitorea ternatea floral waste

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(2).284.296

Keywords:

Crude floral waste extract, Formulated product, Antioxidant, Antibacterial

Abstract

In this study, we extracted bio-colour from two commonly available flowers, Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea), and evaluated their potential therapeutic benefits by examining their antioxidant and antibacterial activity. To assess the suitability and quality of the extracted bio-colour as a food additive, we formulated ice popsicles using bio-colour derived from H. sabdariffa and C. ternatea. The crude floral waste extract of H. sabdariffa showed the highest reducing capacity (FRAP assay), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS assay), and antibacterial potential. This may be attributed to polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acids, organic acids, hibiscus acid, and other compounds in H. sabdariffa flower parts. The ice popsicles formulated with these two bio-colours contained significant polyphenol and flavonoid content, contributing to their antioxidant potential comparable to ice popsicles available in the local market. The formulated ice popsicles also retained better physical properties (texture, melting, smoothness/hardness) and sensory qualities (as per hedonic scale rating) than market-derived ice popsicles. Therefore, these two crude floral wastes can be utilized as functional food bio-colourants in the food industry.

References

Abou-Arab, A. A., Abu-Salem, F. M., & Abou-Arab, E. A. (2011). Physico-chemical properties of natural pigments (anthocyanin) extracted from Roselle calyces (Hibiscus subdariffa). Journal of American science, 7(7), 445-456.

AlAshkar, A., & Hassabo, A. G. (2021). Recent use of natural animal dyes in various field. Journal of Textiles, Colouration and Polymer Science, 18(2), 191-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/jtcps.2021.79791.1067

Alsukaibi, A. K. (2022). Various approaches for the detoxification of toxic dyes in wastewater. Processes, 10(10), 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101968

Al-Tohamy, R., Ali, S. S., Li, F., Okasha, K. M., Mahmoud, Y. A. G., et al. (2022). A critical review on the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of textile dyes and possible remediation approaches for environmental safety. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 231, 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113160

Ardila-Leal, L. D., Poutou-Piñales, R. A., Pedroza-Rodríguez, A. M., & Quevedo-Hidalgo, B. E. (2021). A brief history of colour, the environmental impact of synthetic dyes and removal by using laccases. Molecules, 26(13), 1-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133813

Aurelio, D. L., Edgardo, R. G., & Navarro‐Galindo, S. (2008). Thermal kinetic degradation of anthocyanins in a roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. cv. 'Criollo') infusion. International journal of food science & technology, 43(2), 322-325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01439.x

Bahram-Parvar, M. (2015). A review of modern instrumental techniques for measurements of ice cream characteristics. Food chemistry, 188, 625-631. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.017

Balthazar, C. F., Silva, H. A., Vieira, A. H., Neto, R. P. C., Cappato, L. P., et al. (2017). Assessing the effects of different prebiotic dietary oligosaccharides in sheep milk ice cream. Food Research International, 91, 38-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.008

Bora, P., Das, P., Bhattacharyya, R., & Barooah, M. S. (2019). Biocolour: the natural way of colouring food. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3), 3663-3668.

Cisse, M., Dornier, M., Sakho, M., Ndiaye, A., Reynes, M., & Sock, O. (2009). Le bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): composition etprincipales utilisations. Fruits, 64(3), 179-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2009013

Clinton, S. K. (1998). Lycopene: chemistry, biology, and implications for human health and disease. Nutrition reviews, 56(2), 35-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01691.x

Dey, S., & Nagababu, B. H. (2022). Applications of food colour and bio-preservatives in the food and its effect on the human health. Food Chemistry Advances, 1, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2022.100019

Duangmal, K., Saicheua, B., & Sueeprasan, S. (2004). Roselle anthocyanins as a natural food colourant and improvement of its colour stability. AIC 2004 Color and Paints, Interim Meeting of the International Color Association, Proceedings, pp. 155-158.

Fanta Yadang, S. A., Taiwe Sotoing, G., Ngatcha Zouakeu, K. S., Khan, M. A., Agbor, G. A., Ur-Rahman, N., & Ngo Bum, E. (2019). Quantification of bioactive compounds and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Carissa edulis VValh (Apocynaceae) leaves. The Scientific World Journal, 2019, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7549620

Farrell, K. T. (1998). Spices, condiments and seasonings (2nd ed.). Springer New York, NY

Francis, F. J., & Markakis, P. C. (1989). Food colourants: anthocyanins. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 28(4), 273-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398909527503

Ghosh, S., Sarkar, T., Das, A., & Chakraborty, R. (2022). Natural colourants from plant pigments and their encapsulation: An emerging window for the food industry. Lwt, 153, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112527

Goh, S. E., Kwong, P. J., Ng, C. L., Ng, W. J., & Ee, K. Y. (2021). Antioxidant-rich Clitoria ternatea L. flower and its benefits in improving murine reproductive performance. Food Science and Technology, 42, 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.25921

Hallagan, J. B., Allen, D. C., & Borzelleca, J. F. (1995). The safety and regulatory status of food, drug and cosmetics colour additives exempt from certification. Food and chemical toxicology, 33(6), 515-528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(95)00010-Y

Helkar, P. B., Sahoo, A. K., & Patil, N. J. (2016). Review: Food industry by-products used as a functional food ingredients. International Journal of Waste Resources, 6(3), 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000248

Hussain, S., Khan, N., Gul, S., Khan, S., & Khan, H. (2020). Contamination of water resources by food dyes and its removal technologies. Water Chemistry, 5, 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90331

Jeyaraj, E. J., Lim, Y. Y., & Choo, W. S. (2021). Extraction methods of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower and biological activities of its phytochemicals. Journal of food science and technology, 58(6), 2054-2067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04745-3

John, A., Yang, H. H., Muhammad, S., Khan, Z. I., Yu, H., et al. (2022). Cross talk between synthetic food colours (azo dyes), oral flora, and cardiovascular disorders. Applied sciences, 12(14), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147084

Khanavi, M., Hajimahmoodi, M., Ranjbar, A. M., Oveisi, M. R., Ardekani, M. R. S., & Mogaddam, G. (2012). Development of a green chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of food colourants. Food Analytical Methods, 5(3), 408-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9259-4

Kostrzewa, D., Mazurek, B., Kostrzewa, M., & Jóźwik, E. (2023). Carotenoids and Fatty Acids Obtained from Paprika Capsicum annuum by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol as Co-Extractant. Molecules, 28(14), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145438

Kouassi, K. A., Kouadio, E. J. P., Djè, K. M., Dué, A. E., & Kouamé, L. P. (2016). Edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms Russula spp. of Côte d'Ivoire: total phenolic content, hplc-profiles of phenolic compounds and organic acids, antioxidant activities. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 5(2), 73-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2016.52008

Li, S., Mu, B., Wang, X., & Wang, A. (2021). Recent researches on natural pigments stabilized by clay minerals: A review. Dyes and Pigments, 190, 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109322

Luzardo-Ocampo, I., Ramírez-Jiménez, A. K., Yañez, J., Mojica, L., & Luna-Vital, D. A. (2021). Technological applications of natural colourants in food systems: A review. Foods, 10(3), 2-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030634

Manzoor, S., Rashid, R., Panda, B. P., Sharma, V., & Azhar, M. (2022). Green extraction of lutein from marigold flower petals, process optimization and its potential to improve the oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Ultrasonicssonochemistry, 85, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105994

Martins, C. P., Ferreira, M. V. S., Esmerino, E. A., Moraes, J., Pimentel, T. C., et al. (2018). Chemical, sensory, and functional properties of whey-based popsicles manufactured with watermelon juice concentrated at different temperatures. Food Chemistry, 255, 58-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.044

Mathivanan, D., & Suseem, S. R. (2016). Chemical and biological evaluation of Andrographis echioides leaf extracts collected from the Vellore district in Tamil Nadu, India. Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering, 18(2), 138-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psra.2016.09.016

Mathur, R., & Vijayvergia, R. (2017). Determination of total flavonoid and phenol content in Mimusops elengi Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(12), 5282-5285.

Mortensen, A. (2006). Carotenoids and other pigments as natural colourants. Pure and Applied chemistry, 78(8), 1477-1491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200678081477

Nabi, B. G., Mukhtar, K., Ahmed, W., Manzoor, M. F., Ranjha, M. M. A. N., et al. (2023). Natural pigments: Anthocyanins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and betalains as colourants in food products. Food Bioscience, 52, 102403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102403

Naidu, M., & Sowbhagya, H. B. (2012). Technological advances in food colours. Chemical Industry Digest, 2012, 79-88.

Naqvi, S. A., Irfan, A., Zahoor, A. F., Zafar, M., Maria, A., Chand, A. J., & Ashfaq, S. (2020). Determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of agro-waste peels. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92(2), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020181103

Novais, C., Molina, A. K., Abreu, R. M., Santo-Buelga, C., Ferreira, I. C., Pereira, C., & Barros, L. (2022). Natural food colourants and preservatives: A review, a demand, and a challenge. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 70(9), 2789-2805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07533

Pasdaran, A., Zare, M., Hamedi, A., & Hamedi, A. (2023). A review of the chemistry and biological activities of natural colourants, dyes, and pigments: challenges, and opportunities for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical application. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(8), e202300561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300561

Pasukamonset, P., Kwon, O., & Adisakwattana, S. (2016). Alginate-based encapsulation of polyphenols from Clitoria ternatea petal flower extract enhances stability and biological activity under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Hydrocolloids, 61, 772-779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.039

Patil, R., Zahid, M., Govindwar, S., Khandare, R., Vyavahare, G., et al. (2022). Constructed wetland: a promising technology for the treatment of hazardous textile dyes and effluent. In M. Shah, S. Rodriguez-Couto, & J. Biswas (Eds.), Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes (pp. 173-198). Elsevier Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85583-9.00016-8

Pérez-Gálvez, A., Martin, H. D., Sies, H., & Stahl, W. (2003). Incorporation of carotenoids from pPaprika oleoresin into human chylomicrons. British Journal of Nutrition, 89(6), 787-793. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2003842

Prenesti, E., Berto, S., Daniele, P. G., & Toso, S. (2007). Antioxidant power quantification of decoction and cold infusions of Hibiscus sabdariffa flowers. Food Chemistry, 100(2), 433-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.063

Proestos, C., Lytoudi, K., Mavromelanidou, O. K., Zoumpoulakis, P., & Sinanoglou, V. J. (2013). Antioxidant capacity of selected plant extracts and their essential oils. Antioxidants, 2(1), 11-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox2010011

Rajendran, J. V., Thomas, S., Jafari, Z., Fariborzi, N., Khorasani, S., et al. (2022). Recent advances on large-scale manufacture of curcumin and its nanoformulation for cancer therapeutic application. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12(6), 7863-7885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC126.78637885

Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolourization assay. Free radical biology and medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3

Renita, A. A., Gajaria, T. K., Sathish, S., Kumar, J. A., Lakshmi, D. S., Kujawa, J., & Kujawski, W. (2023). Progress and prospective of the industrial development and applications of ECO-friendlycolourants: an insight into environmental impact and Sustainability issues. Foods, 12(7), 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071521

Rymbai, H., Sharma, R. R., & Srivastav, M. (2011). Bio-colourants and its implications in health and food industry–a review. International Journal of Pharmacological Research, 3(4), 2228-2244.

Saini, R. K., Ahn, H. Y., Park, G. W., Shin, J. W., Lee, J. H., et al. (2023). Quantitative Profiling of Carotenoids, Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Fatty Acids in the Flower Petals of Ten Marigold (Tagetes spp. L.) Cultivars. Foods, 12(19), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12193549

Shirazi, O. U., Khattak, M. M. A. K., & Shukri, N. A. M. (2014). Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activities of common herbs and spices. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(3), 104-108.

Shivani, M., Prathibha, S., Kavya Sri, B., Chintagunta, A. D., & Sampath, N. S. (2020). Extraction of Natural Dye from and its Bougainvillea glabra Applications in Food Industries. Indian Journal of Ecology, 47(11), 207-11.

Silva, D. V. T. D., Baiao, D. D. S., Ferreira, V. F., & Paschoalin, V. M. F. (2021). Betanin as a multipath oxidative stress and inflammation modulator: A beetroot pigment with protective effects on cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(2), 539-554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1822277

Singh, T., Pandey, V. K., Dash, K. K., Zanwar, S., & Singh, R. (2023). Natural bio-colourant and pigments: Sources and applications in food processing. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 12, 100628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100628

Siva, R. (2007). Status of natural dyes and dye-yielding plants in India. Current science, 92 (7), 916-925.

Slama, H. B., Chenari Bouket, A., Pourhassan, Z., Alenezi, F. N., Silini, A., et al. (2021). Diversity of synthetic dyes from textile industries, discharge impacts and treatment methods. Applied Sciences, 11(14), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146255

Solymosi, K., Latruffe, N., Morant-Manceau, A., & Schoefs, B. (2015). Food colour additives of natural origin. In M. J. Scotter (Eds.), Colour additives for foods and beverages (pp. 3-34). Woodhead Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-011-8.00001-5

Sowmya Shree, G., Yogendra Prasad, K., Arpitha, H. S., Deepika, U. R., Nawneet Kumar, K., Mondal, P., & Ganesan, P. (2017). β-carotene at physiologically attainable concentration induces apoptosis and down-regulates cell survival and antioxidant markers in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 436(1), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-017-3071-4

Srichaikul, B. (2018). Ultrasonication extraction, bioactivity, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, total phenolic and antioxidant of Clitoria ternatea Linn flower extract for anti-aging drinks. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 14(56), 322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_206_17

Surmani, S., Handayani, L., & Kristanto, D. (2022). The effect of rosella flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa. Linn) increase on erythrocyte levels in anemic teenagers. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 14(1), 8-11.

Torres-León, C., Ramírez-Guzman, N., Londoño-Hernandez, L., Martinez-Medina, G. A., Díaz-Herrera, R., Navarro-Macias, V., et al. (2018). Food waste and byproducts: An opportunity to minimize malnutrition and hunger in developing countries. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2, 52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2018.00052

Vega, E. N., Ciudad-Mulero, M., Fernández-Ruiz, V., Barros, L., & Morales, P. (2023). Natural Sources of Food Colourants as Potential Substitutes for Artificial Additives. Foods, 12(22), 1-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12224102

Vijayalakshmi, M., & Ruckmani, K. (2016). Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay in plant extract. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 11(3), 570-572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i3.27663

Xing, Y., Meng, M., Xue, H., Zhang, T., Yin, Y., & Xi, R. (2012). Development of a polyclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Sunset Yellow FCF in food samples. Talanta, 99, 125-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.029

Yang, X., Qin, H., Gao, M., & Zhang, H. (2011). Simultaneous detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine in food using adsorptive stripping voltammetry on an acetylene black nanoparticle‐modified electrode. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(15), 2821-2825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4527

Yeon, S. J., Kim, J. H., Hong, G. E., Park, W., Kim, S. K., Seo, H. G., & Lee, C. H. (2017). Physical and sensory properties of ice cream containing fermented pepper powder. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 37(1), 38-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.1.38

Young, A. J., & Lowe, G. L. (2018). Carotenoids—antioxidant properties. Antioxidants, 7(2), 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7020028

Downloads

Published

2024-05-15

How to Cite

Debnath, A., Sinha, K., Mandal, S., Mitra, A., Singh, M. K., Saha, A., & Das, A. (2024). Assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of herbal popsicles prepared by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Clitorea ternatea floral waste. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 12(2), 284–296. https://doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(2).284.296

Issue

Section

PROCEEDING OF BIONEXT-2023_RESEARCH ARTICLES