Essential oils as valuable feed additive: A narrative review of the state of knowledge about their beneficial health applications and enhancement of production performances in poultry

Anuranj P R; Harisankaran P S; Adithya Krishna S; Parvathy S; Gautham Prakash; Vishnu Savanth V; Pran M; Hitesh Chopra; Talha Bin Emran; Abhijit Dey; Kuldeep Dhama; Deepak Chandran

doi:10.18006/2022.10(6).1290.1317

Authors

Anuranj P R Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 642109.
Harisankaran P S Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 642109.
Adithya Krishna S Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 642109.
Parvathy S Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 642109.
Gautham Prakash Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 642109.
Vishnu Savanth V Instructional Livestock Farm Complex, Kerala Veterinary, and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India – 673576. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-8375
Pran M School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India - 641114. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-7893
Hitesh Chopra Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India-140401 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-7603
Talha Bin Emran Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-2272
Abhijit Dey Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-0802
Kuldeep Dhama Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India – 243122. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4752
Deepak Chandran Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 642109. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-6969

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(6).1290.1317

Keywords:

Poultry, Essential oils, Health, Growth, Production, Bioactive substances, Immunity

Abstract

New research has begun to develop safe and effective alternatives to feed-antibiotics as growth enhancers in response to mounting pressure on the poultry sector to do so. There is a significant demand for poultry products all across the world right now. To achieve this goal, key performance indicators are optimized, such as the rate of chicken growth, the amount of feed used, and the health of the flock as a whole. As a result of this growing need, various alternatives to antibiotics have entered the market. New approaches are desperately needed to keep poultry productivity and efficiency at a high level in the face of mounting pressure to limit the use of antibiotics. Recent years have seen an uptick in interest in the potential of aromatic plant extracts as growth and health boosters in poultry. The great majority of plants' positive effects are accounted for by essential oils (EOs) and other secondary metabolites. EOs have been proven to promote digestive secretion production, improve blood circulation, exert antioxidant qualities, reduce levels of dangerous microbes, and maybe improve the immune status of poultry. EOs are often believed to be safe, non-toxic alternatives because they are all-natural, chemical-free, and devoid of potentially harmful deposits. EOs are extracted from plants, and while there are thousands of them, only approximately 300 have been deemed to have significant commercial value. Many different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are negatively affected by EOs in multiple studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The review covers the fundamentals of EOs, their anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities, their growth-promoting benefits, and their effectiveness against numerous diseases in poultry.

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