Morphology and DNA marker for distinguishing Paphiopedilum hangianum and Paphiopedilum emersonii from Vietnam

Yen Nguyen Thi Hai; Quang Ngo Xuan; Trong Nguyen Dinh; Phat Do Tien; Mau Chu Hoang

doi:10.18006/2023.11(2).423.435

Authors

Yen Nguyen Thi Hai TNU-University of Sciences, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-2742
Quang Ngo Xuan VAST-Institute of Tropical Biology, 85, Tran Quoc Toan, Dist.3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-1999
Trong Nguyen Dinh VAST-Institute of Biotechnology, 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4061-8150
Phat Do Tien VAST - Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-7396
Mau Chu Hoang TNU - University of Education, Quang Trung Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-6369

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).423.435

Keywords:

DNA barcoding, Identification, Molecular, Northern Vietnam, Orchidaceae

Abstract

Genus Paphiopedilum has species having lovely flowers which are incredibly attractive to everyone. Their ornamental and commercial value caused over-collection and illegal poaching and trade. Due to these reasons, nowadays, the Venus slipper orchids are facing to deplete in nature. Therefore, it is important to consider these species conservation. Mainly, it is necessary to prioritize the identification and phylogenetic analysis methods of the genus Paphiopedilum which includes many species with similar morphological characteristics. Consequently, it isn't easy to distinguish the identical species of this genus when the plants are young or not yet fully flowering. Therefore, this study aimed to distinguish two Paphiopedilum species, i.e. P. hangianum and P. emersonii, which have similar morphological characteristics, through comparative morphological analysis and differences in DNA barcoding sequences. To solve the problem associated with species identifications, a morphological comparison table was created with the four DNA sequence markers matK, rbcL, rpoC1 and trnH-psbA. The results of the morphological analysis showed that P. hangianum and P. emersonii are significantly different from each other in the flower's characteristics. While the difference in leaf morphology of both selected species is found very little, it is also distinguishable upon careful comparison. Moreover, the DNA barcoding indicator gave accurate and rapid distinctions between the two species, even when the plants are young or without flowers. Furthermore, this DNA barcoding can establish an evolutionary relationship between the two selected species and the other species of the genus Paphiopedilum. The results of this study also suggested that the indicator trnH-psbA is a suitable marker for distinguishing these two species and can be applied for the phylogenetic analysis of the genus Paphiopedilum in Vietnam.

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