Full Text: 1 Introduction Natural nanostructures are present in nature, which can also be synthesized by using chemically or through green processes. Butterfly dependent novel applications are rising through efficient approaches using nanotechnology. Exploiting the functional and structural potentials of butterfly parts such as wings, numerous applied resources are developed. The blue and green colors in butterfly wings are recognized due to the presence of microstructures (approx 300-700 nm) in the scales of the wings. With many such potentials and inspirations, numerous applications of nanostructures imitating butterfly structures are now a reality (Bhattacharyya et al., 2015). Butterflies are one of the best elegantly colored and attractive living on the Earth.  It exhibits all the scales of colors on their graceful wings (Siddique et al., 2015). The scales include crystals called gyroids, which are made of heteropolysaccaride chitin, which is also part of insect exoskeletons (Saba et al., 2014; Sharath Chandra & Sukumaran, 2020). The wing complex structures (Perva et al., 2020; Chandra & Sukumaran, 2020) are only a few nanometers in size. Nanotechnology on the other hand is making very minute structural complexes for industrial and other applications such as medicine, space travel, etc (Rashmi et al., 2019). Butterfly contains three-dimensional nanostructures in its wings which give them their vibrant colors. Butterfly wings have an enormous range of interconnected nano-scale curved springs that result in a distinctive optical material.  Nevertheless, the nanostructures present on butterflies are far more complex than nanoparticles synthesized by human beings. However few attempts have been made to understand the science behind the development of crystals on the wings of butterflies, thus can be extrapolated for industrial creation (Wilts et al., 2017). The review attempts to integrate the recent profile of developments in science and technology inspired by structural properties in the butterfly (Table 1). 2 Butterfly wings as natural photonic crystal scaffolds Han et al. (2009) reported the idea of butterfly wings, which can be considered as natural photonic crystals (PhC) scaffolds to manage the synthesis and assembly of cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystals, and so achieving the new optical nanomixtures with exclusive has PhC characteristic (Fleischhaker & Zentel, 2005). According to Han et al., (2009) the original wings can be initiated and synthesized by EDTA/DMF suspension as in situ reactive substrates to cadmium sulphide seeds, followed by providing the PhC structures (Li et al., 2016) with deposition of heterogeneous cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (Prum et al., 2006). Thus created cadmium sulphide nanoparticles will efficiently preserve the chief structure of natural photonic crystals to almost approximately 100 nm. In the obtained butterfly wing and cadmium sulphide nanoparticles complex, the pattern of assembly of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles can be managed by two phases; first photonic structures of >100 nm determined by the wing scale chain of command, while the second is the cadmium sulphide nanoparticles clusters of < 100nm dispersed on photonic structures (Han et al., 2009). With the above amalgamation of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles and butterfly wings, the creation of new optoelectronic potentials is a reality. 3 Butterfly inspires multifunctional biophotonic nanomaterials  Studies have reported the formation of multifunctional biophotonic nanomaterials inspired by Chorinea faunus, a long tail glass wing butterfly for intraocular pressure (IOP) sensors (Joung, 2013; Lee et al., 2017; Narasimhan et al., 2018; Ranjitha & Sharath Chandra, 2020). These researchers utilized the phase separation between two immiscible phases, in this case polymers, polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene to create nanostructured characters above silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) substrate (Wanasekara & Chalivendra, 2011). The resulted membrane indicates correct angle independent white light transmission, anti-biofouling and hydrophilicity potentials, which avert the union of bacteria, proteins, and eukaryotic cells. These researchers also created a microscle implantable IOP sensor by application of photonic membrane as an optomechanical sensing platform (Li et al., 2015). In conclusion, the novel device lowers the mean IOP measurement parameters (Narasimhan et al., 2018) when compared to conventional rebound tonometry sans symptoms of inflammation (Puneeth & Chandra, 2020).  4 Butterfly wings as templates Zhang et al. (2006) used wings of butterfly Ideopsis similis as templates for creating biomimetic nanostructured colorful zinc oxide (ZnO) replica with structural color. This created zinc oxide (ZnO) replicas demonstrated iridescence, which could be noticeably observed in an optical microscope. Moreover, field emission scanning microscope analysis showed all the microstructure particulars were conserved exactly in the zinc oxide replica. Finally, a computer model was set up to simulate the diffraction pattern data, which concurred with optical microscope images.s 5 Butterfly inspired the design of flying microbots Ortega et al., (2017) proposed aerodymanic analysis of wing orientation and wing shape in four butterfly species D. plexippus, D. eresimus, D. talbot and D. gilippus, by using numerical simulations and low-speed wind tunnel (2, 3.5 and 5 ms^-1), these researchers also evaluate its impact on the design of flying microrobots (Kumar & Michael, 2012). The observations showed that wing orientations help in increase wingspan direct towards the highest glide performance (Kovac, 2016), with the lift to drag ratio being 6.28, however, the spreading the fore wings forward can enhance the utmost lift produced leading to advanced versatility (Ortega et al., 2017). 6 Biomimetic gyroid nanostructures Gan et al. (2016) demonstrated the replication of gyroid photonic nanostructure which is present in Callophyrys rubi, using two-beam lithography which enhanced mechanical strength and gave better resolution. The replicated structures exhibited better size, uniformity and controllability in comparison to the butterfly Callophyrys rubi. The elastic Young`s modulus of synthesized nanowires increases by twenty percent. The circular dichroism mechanism displayed by the replicated gyroid nanostructures operated in the ultraviolet wavelength segment, which is smaller than the capacity of Callophyrys rubi (Saranathan et al., 2010; Mille et al., 2011). 7 Butterfly inspired triboelectric nanogenerators Lei et al., (2019) demonstrated a butterfly inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (B-TENG) assisted with a four-bar linkage. This is further fabricated to obtain multidirectional water energy from various kinds of movement produced by the device. Triboelectric nanogenerators are believed to be one of the most helpful ways for harvesting water wave energy. 8 Butterfly wings bio-sensing Garrett et al., (2015) proposed the concept of naturally occurring nanostructures in butterfly for detection of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based malaria parasite. They proposed a novel surface improved Raman spectroscopy substrate based on butterfly wings coated with gold, which helped in the detection of malarial hemozoin pigment in the blood samples with 0.0005% and 0.005% infected red blood cells (RBC). 9 Future prospects Butterfly inspired nanotechnology has a immense potential to be part significant technological enhancements in coming decades, such as integrated photonic circuits, optical communications, computing and sensing, imaging. This imitation also provides opportunities for development of other cutting edge applications like navigating light in nano photonic devices to channelize ultra high speed networks. In general, with regard to recent findings, this application has multiple technological benefits in future. Conclusion The above literature suggests that naturally occurring bio/nanomaterials are extremely useful to not only understand the biological and biophysical make-up of the living organism, but also its application in for bettering the society. However, in depth understanding of these nanostructures are very essential to come up with novel technological creations. Butterfly with its plethora of nanostructures particularly in the wings/wing scales are the perfect instance of understanding and application of biomaterials in nanotechnology. Since all the studies on nano-application of Butterfly is only seen in the last decade, yet a much more of more scientific revelations and its technological application can be expected in forthcoming years. Conflict Of Interest Authors would hereby like to declare that there is no conflict of interests that could possibly arise.