Volume 6, Issue 6, December Issue - 2018, Pages:959-965 |
Authors: Somnath Sardar, Kajal Sengupta, Sukamal Sarkar, D.C. Roy , B.C.Patra |
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at university farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India on summer rice during 2015-2016 and 2016–2017 to observe the performance of hybrid varieties under New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Square method of transplanting (20 cm × 20 cm) was maintained for all varieties (27P22, 27P37, 27P36, 28P67, 27P31, 29P01, ArizeTej Gold, and Arize 6129) and N-P2O5-K2O was applied @ 140:60:60 kg/ha for hybrids. The results of study revealed that the hybrid varieties exhibited superiority in respect of different growth parameters like plant height, LAI, aerial dry matter accumulation, number of tillers per hill etc over the control variety HYV Satabdi (IET 4786). Among various tested rice hybrids, maximum grain yield (7.13t/ha) and harvest index (49.65%) were recorded in 28P67. The results of study revealed that both grain and straw yield of hybrid varieties were significantly higher than the HYV Satabdi (control variety) which might be due to better growth parameters and yield components of hybrids. |
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Full Text: 1 Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops of India and is used as a staple food for more than 60% of the total population of the country (DAC, 2010). It is rich in starch and provides more energy that’s why it is called high calorie food. It accounts for about 43% of total food grain production and 55% of total cereal production in India (Singh et al., 2012). India has the world’s largest acreage under rice at 43.97 million hectare and second largest producer, 104 million tonnes next only to China (Anonymous, 2018). In India, total area under rice cultivation is decreasing at rapid rate; on the other hand the demand for rice is increasing with the growing population. India's population is projected to be 1.378 billion by 2030 and in order to meet the domestic demand of increasing population the present day production of about 100 million tons of rice has to be increased to 130 million tons by the year 2030 (Viraktamath, 2011). Therefore, to fulfil the gap between demand and supply, it is required to increase the productivity of rice i.e. production per unit area in many folds. On the other hand there is a yield plateauing in high yielding rice in our country like other south-east Asian countries. Introduction of hybrid varieties with high potentiality in yield is the best alternative for increasing the rice production without increasing its cultivated area. Hybrid rice technology has also been proved to be one of the most feasible and readily adoptable approaches to meet the domestic demand. The rice hybrids, recently introduced in cultivation, on an average, give 20-30% higher yield over the common high yielding varieties (Prasad, 2012). The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of rice hybrids as compare to popular high yielding variety of rice during monsoon or kharif season in new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. 2 Materials and Methods Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different rice hybrids during winter season of 2015-2016 and 2016- 2017 at the University Research Farm (22°56´ N latitude and 88°32´ E longitude, 9.5 m above MSL), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India. The experiment was conducted in clay-loam soil having good irrigation and drainage facilities. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eight hybrid rice varieties viz., 27P22, 27P37, 27P36, 28P67, 27P31, 29P01, ArizeTej Gold, and Arize 6129 while one high yielding variety (HYV) Satabdi (IET- 4786) used as standard check. A common spacing (20 cm × 20 cm) was maintained for all varieties, and a uniform recommended doses of N-P2O5-K2O:140:60:60 kg ha-1 was applied for hybrids and 120:60:60 kg ha-1 for HYV. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied in three equal splits at an interval of 25 days, however, total amount of phosphate (Single Super Phosphate) was applied as basal and potash fertilizer (MOP) was applied in two equal splits at final puddling and at 25 days after transplanting (DAT). The different growth parameter like plant height, tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter accumulation (DMA) were recorded. Yield component like panicle m-2, filled grains panicle-1, test weight of seeds were recorded and calculated. The grain yield and straw yield were recorded. Harvest index (HI) for each variety was calculated from data on straw and grain yield. Statistical analysis for SEm and CD was done by using methodologies as laid down in Gomez & Gomez (1984). 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Growth attributes Data presented in figure1 represented the required time for germination after the sowing of different rice hybrids as well as high yielding variety (HYV) of rice and it was observed that the time required for germination ranges from 5 to 6 days and that was found statistically not significant. Among the tested varieties, Arize 6129, 27P31 and 29P01 took 6 days while varieties IET4786, Arize Tejgold, 27P22, 27P37, 27P36, 28P67 took only 5 days to germinate the seeds. Regarding the time taken for panicle emergence and 50% flowering by the different rice varieties, it was recorded 53 to 60 days and 60 to 67 days respectively and significant difference had been found between the hybrids and HYV (control) for both the cases. Among the hybrids, 27P36 took significantly higher time (60 days) in panicle emergence after transplanting which was statistically at par with 27P37 (59 days), 28P67 (58 days) and 27P31 (58 days) whereas the lower data noted in rice hybrid Arize 6129. Similar trend had also been recorded in case of time for 50% flowering among the rice hybrids. However, HYV of rice, IET-4786 (Control) took significantly lowest time for panicle emergence (53 days) as well as that of 50 % flowering (60 days) (Figure 2) & (Table 3). From the recoded data, it was observed that total duration of rice varieties varied from 120 days to 130 days. Among the tested hybrid verities, hybrid 29P01 took maximum time i.e. 130 days to mature which was significantly higher than the control followed by hybrids 27P22, 27P36 and 27P31 took 129 days which were statistically at par with 29P01. However, IET-4786 (Control) took significantly lowest time i.e. 120 days to get matured compare with other remaining varieties (Figure 3) & (Table 3). Plant height of rice was progressively increased from transplanting to maturity including slow increase at early and late phase of life cycle. Sarkar et al. (2016) also reported that plant height increased progressively with the advancement of time and growth stages from early growth to maturity. It was also recorded that plant height of different rice variety was statistically at par (CD at 5% level) with each other at early growth stages (30 DAT and 60 DAT). However, at maturity stage (90 DAT) the hybrid variety 29P01 recorded maximum plant height (102.5 cm) which was significantly higher than the control variety HYV IET 4786 (Table 1). Bhuiyan et al. (2014) reported the similar significant effects on plant height at maturity for different rice hybrid over high yielding varieties. From the investigation, it was found that among the nine varieties, hybrid 28P67 recorded highest number of tillers. HYV Satabdi produced the lowest number of tillers m-2 (Table 1). Hybrid rice generally had higher tillering ability than conventional varieties, similarly, Akram et al. (2007) also reported that two hybrids viz., MK Hybrid 111 and 27P72 produced more productive tillers than HYV KS 282. The hybrid rice variety, Tia showed superiority in respect of growth parameters like tillers hill-1 (Sarkar et al. 2016). |
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