Adachi Y, Sugiyama M, Sakagami J, Fukuda A, Ohe M, Watanabe H (2015) Seed Germination and Coleoptile Growth of New Rice Lines Adapted to Hypoxic Conditions. Plant Production Science 18: 471–475.

Adigbo SO, Ojerinde AO, Ajayi O, Nwilene FE (2010) Effect of Sowing Methods on Performance of Upland Rice in Lowland Rice-Upland Rice-Vegetable Sequence in Inland Valley. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (Serial 28) 4: 1–10.

Adigbo SO, Osadebay PJ , Iseghohi I , Alarima CI , Agbenin NO, Odedina JN , Fabunmi TO (2018) Screening and evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in inundated soil. Agricultura Tropica Et Subtropica 51: 63–69. DOI: 10.1515/ats?2018?0007

Allard RW (1960) Principles of plant breeding, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, p.85.

Alpi A, Beevers H (1983) Effects of O₂ concentration on rice seedlings. Plant Physiology 71: 30–34.

Angaji SA (2008) Mapping QTLs for submergence tolerance during germination in rice. African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 2551-2558.

Burton GV (1952) Quantitative inheritance in pearl millet. Agronomy Journal 50: 503.

Burton GW, Devane EM (1953) Estimating heritability in tall fescus (Festuca      arundiaceae) from replicated clonal material. Agronomy journal 45: 478-485.

Colmer TD, Armstrong W, Greenway H, Ismail AM, Kirk GJD,  Atwell BJ (2014) Physiological mechanisms of flooding tolerance in rice: transient complete submergence and prolonged standing water. In: Luttge U, Beyschlag W, Cushman J (Eds.), Progress in botany 75 Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Pp. 255-307. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38797-5_9

Coumou D, Rahmstorf S (2012) A decade of weather extremes. Nature Climate Change 2: 491–496.

Cui KH, Peng SB, Xing YZ, Xu CG, Yu SB, Zhang Q (2002) Molecular dissection of seedling-vigor and associated physiological traits in rice. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105: 745–753.

Doley D, Barua M, Sarma D, Barua PK (2018) Screening and enhancement of anaerobic germination of rice genotypes by pre-sowing seed treatments. Current Science 115: 1185-1190 Doi: 10.18520/cs/v115/i6/1185-1190

El-Hendawy S, Al-Suhaibani N, Schmidhalter U, Sakagami JI (2014) Adaptive traits associated with tolerance to flash flooding during emergence and early seedling growth stages in rice. Plant Omics Journal 7:474-489. 

Falconer DS (1989) Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd Edition. ELBS / Longman.

Fisher RA (1918) The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance. Transactions Royal Society Edinburgh 52: 399-433.

Foolad MR, Subbiah P, Zhang L (2007) Common QTL affect the rate of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions. International Journal of Plant Genomics 2007:1–10. doi:10.1155/2007/ 97386

Hanson CH, Robinson HF, Comstock RE (1956) Biometrical Studies of Yield in Segregating Populations of Korean Lespedeza. Agronomy Journal 48: 268-272. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800060008x

Huang SB, Greenway H, Colmer TD (2003) Anoxia tolerance in rice seedlings: exogenous glucose improves growth of an anoxia-‘intolerant’, but not of a ‘tolerant’ genotype. Journal of Experimental Botany 54: 2363–2373.

Johnson HW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE (1955) Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agronomy Journal 47: 314-318.

Kawano N, Ito O, Sakagami J. (2009) Morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings to complete submergence (flash flooding). Annals of Botany 103: 161–169.

Kirk GJD, Greenway H, Atwell BJ, Ismail AM, Colmer TD (2014) Adaptation of rice to flooded soils. In: Luttge U, Beyschlag W, Cushman J (Eds.), Progress in botany Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 75 Pp. 215-253. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38797-5_8.

Kordan HA (1974) Patterns of shoot and root growth in rice seedlings germinating under water. Journal of Applied Ecology 11: 685–690.

Lasanthi-Kudahettige R, Magneschi L, Loreti E, Gonzali S, Licausi F,  Novi G (2007) Transcript profiling of the anoxic rice coleoptile. Plant Physiology 144: 218–231.

Ling J, Liu S, Hou M, Tang J, Chen L, Zhai H, Wan J (2006) Analysis of QTLs for seed low temperature germinability and anoxia germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Research 98: 68-75.

Mackill DJ, Ismail AM, Singh US, Labios RV, Paris TR (2012) Development and rapid adoption of submergence-tolerant (Sub1) rice varieties. Advances Agronomy 115: 303–356. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394276-0.00006-8.

Magneschi L, Perata P (2009) Rice germination and seedling growth in the absence of oxygen. Annals of Botany 103: 181–196.

Magneschi L, Kudahettige RL, Alpi A, Perata P (2009) Comparative analysis of anoxic coleoptile elongation in rice varieties: relationship between coleoptile length and carbohydrate levels, fermentative metabolism and anaerobic gene expression Plant Biology 11: 561–573 Doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00150.x

Mahender A, Anandan A, Pradhan SK (2015) Early seedling vigour, an imperative trait for direct-seeded rice: an overview on physio-morphological parameters and molecular markers. Planta 241:1027–1050. DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2273-9.

Manigbas NL, Solis RO, Barroga WV, Noriel AJ, Arocena EC, Padolina TF, Cruz RT (2008) Developments of screening methods for anaerobic germination and seedling vigour in direct wet-seeded rice culture. Philippines Journal of Crop Science 33: 34-44.

Miro B, Ismail AM (2013) Tolerance of anaerobic conditions caused by flooding during germination and early growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 4: 269. DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2013.00269.

Miro B, Longkumar T, Entila FD, Kohli A, Ismail AM (2017) Rice Seed Germination Underwater: Morpho-Physiological Responses and the Bases of Differential Expression of Alcoholic Fermentation Enzymes. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 1857. Doi:  10.3389/fpls.2017.01857.

Pandey S, Velasco L (2002) Economics of direct seeding in Asia: patterns of adoption and research priorities. In: Pandey S, Mortimer M, Wade L, Lopez K, Hardy B (Eds.) Direct seeding: research strategies and opportunities, pp 3-8.

Pandey S (1995) Socio-economic research issues on wet seeding.

In: Constraints, Opportunities, and Innovations for Wet Seeded Rice, IRRI: 73-79.

Perrier X, Jacquemoud-Collet JP (2006) DARwin software. Available on http://darwin.cirad.fr/ access on 25^th April, 2018. 

Perry DA (1978) Handbook of vigour test methods. International Seed testing Association, Zurich.

Sarkar RK, Bhattacharjee B (2011) Rice genotypes with SUB1 QTL differ in submergence tolerance, elongation ability during submergence and re-generation growth at re-emergence. Rice 5: 1–11.

Seshu DV, Krishnasamy V, Siddique SB (1988) Rice seed health. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute; Seed vigour in rice, pp. 315–329.

Setter TL, Ella ES, Valdez AP (1994) Relationship between coleoptile elongation and alcoholic fermentation in rice exposed to anoxia. 2. Cultivar differences. Annals of Botany 74: 273–279.

Singh RK, Chaudhary, BD (1985) Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Revised Edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Singh S, Mackill DJ, Ismail AM (2011) Tolerance of longer-term partial stagnant flooding is independent of the SUB1 locus in rice. Field Crops Research 121: 311–323. DOI:  10.1016/j.fcr.2010.12.021.

Tsuji H (1973) Growth and metabolism in plants under anaerobic conditions. Environment Control in Biology 11: 79–84.

Turner FT, Chen CC, McCauley GN (1981) Morphological development of rice seedlings in water at controlled oxygen levels. Agronomy Journal 73: 566–570.

Vu HTT, Manangkil OE, Mori N, Yoshida S, Nakamura C (2010) Post-germination seedling vigor under submergence and submergence-induced SUB1A gene expression in indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science 4: 264–272.